Recombinant Human PD-1 / PDCD1 Protein (HPLC-verified), His Tag, 100µg

Background
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is also known as CD279 and PDCD1, is a type I membrane protein and is a member of the extended CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators. PDCD1 is expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells and a subset of thymocytes. PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are members of the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, including PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN-γ. PD-L2 expression is more restricted and is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines. PD1 inhibits the T-cell proliferation and production of related cytokines including IL-1, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ by suppressing the activation and transduction of PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coligation of PD1 inhibits BCR-mediating signal by dephosphorylating key signal transducer. In vitro, treatment of anti-CD3 stimulated T cells with PD-L1-Ig results in reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 that boost the immune system are being developed for the treatment of cancer.

Source
Recombinant Human PD-1, His Tag (PD1-H5221) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Leu 25 - Gln 167 (Accession # NP_005009.2).
N-terminal Sequence Analysis: Leu 25

Molecular Characterization
This protein carries a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus.
The protein has a calculated MW of 16.8 kDa. The protein migrates as 33-38 kDa when calibrated against Star Ribbon Pre-stained Protein Marker under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.

Endotoxin
Less than 1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.

Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4 with trehalose as protectant.

Reconstitution
See Certificate of Analysis for details of reconstitution instruction and specific concentration.

Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
-20°C to -70°C for 24 months in lyophilized state;
-70^°C for 12 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Bioactivity
Please refer to product data sheet.

Clinical and Translational Updates

(1) "Treatments on the horizon for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma"
Idriss, Stull, Migden
Cancer Lett (2024)
(2) "Simultaneous disturbance of NHE1 and LOXL2 decreases tumorigenicity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"
Hayashi, Miyoshi, Watanabe et al
Auris Nasus Larynx (2024) 51 (3), 472-480
(3) "B7-H3 is associated with the armored-cold phenotype and predicts poor immune checkpoint blockade response in melanoma"
Shen, Mei, Xu et al
Pathol Res Pract (2024) 256, 155267
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