Recombinant Human EPO/Erythropoietin Protein, 20µg

Background:
Human Erythropoietin (EPO) is also known as EP, erythropoetin or erthropoyetin, and is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. EPO is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. is synthesized by renal peritubular cells in adults, with a small amount being produced in the liver. Regulation is believed to rely on a feed-back mechanism measuring blood oxygenation. Constitutively synthesized transcription factors for EPO, known as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), are hydroxylated and proteosomally digested in the presence of oxygen. It binds to the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) on the red cell surface and activates a JAK2 cascade. Erythropoietin has its primary effect on red blood cells by promoting red blood cell survival through protecting these cells from apoptosis. It also cooperates with various growth factors involved in the development of precursor red cells. EPO has a range of actions including vasoconstriction-dependent hypertension, stimulating angiogenesis, and inducing proliferation of smooth muscle fibers. It has also been shown that erythropoietin can increase iron absorption by suppressing the hormone hepcidin. Erythropoietin has been shown to interact with the Erythropoietin receptor as its mechanism of action within the body. erythropoietin plays an important role in the brains response to neuronal injury. EPO is also involved in the wound healing process.

Source
ActiveMax® Recombinant Human EPO, Tag Free (EPO-H4214) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Ala 28 - Arg 193 (Accession # AAH93628.1).
Predicted N-terminus: Ala 28

Molecular Characterization
This protein carries no "tag".
The protein has a calculated MW of 18.4 kDa. The protein migrates as 28-35 kDa under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.

Endotoxin
Less than 0.1 EU per μg by the LAL method.

Purity
>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4 with trehalose as protectant.

Reconstitution
See Certificate of Analysis for details of reconstitution instruction and specific concentration.

Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
-20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
-70^°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Bioactivity
Please refer to product data sheet.

Clinical and Translational Updates

(1) "Darbepoetin Alfa for Late-onset Anemia in Neonates with Rhesus Hemolytic Disease"
Rv, S
Indian J Pediatr (2022)
(2) "Taking Stock After Another Negative Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial"
Wood, Juul
JAMA Netw Open (2022) 5 (12), e2247054
(3) "Safety and Short-term Outcomes of High-Dose Erythropoietin in Preterm Infants With Intraventricular Hemorrhage: The EpoRepair Randomized Clinical Trial"
Wellmann, Hagmann, von Felten et al
JAMA Netw Open (2022) 5 (12), e2244744
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