Recombinant Biotinylated Mouse IL-31 Protein, His,Avitag™ (MALS verified), 25 µg

Background
IL-31 is an inflammatory cytokine that helps trigger cell-mediated immunity against pathogens. Activates STAT3 and possibly STAT1 and STAT5 through the IL31 heterodimeric receptor composed of IL31RA and OSMR. It has also been identified as a major player in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis. May function in skin immunity. IL-31 is produced by a variety of cells, namely type 2 helper (TH2) T-cells. IL-31 sends signals through a receptor complex made of IL-31RA and oncostatin M receptor β (OSMRβ) expressed in immune and epithelial cells. These signals activate three pathways: ERK1/2 MAP kinase, PI3K/AKT, and JAK1/2 signaling pathways.

Source
Recombinant Biotinylated Mouse IL-31, His,Avitag (IL1-M82Q9) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Thr 24 - Cys 163 (Accession # Q6EAL8-1).
Predicted N-terminus: His

Molecular Characterization
This protein carries a polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus, followed by an Avi tag (Avitag™).
The protein has a calculated MW of 19.2 kDa. The protein migrates as 20-35 kDa under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.

Biotinylation
Biotinylation of this product is performed using Avitag™ technology. Briefly, the single lysine residue in the Avitag is enzymatically labeled with biotin.
Biotin:Protein Ratio
Passed as determined by the HABA assay / binding ELISA.

Endotoxin
Less than 1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.

Purity
>90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
>90% as determined by SEC-MALS.

Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.

Reconstitution
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.

Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
-20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
-70^°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Bioactivity
Please refer to product data sheet.

Clinical and Translational Updates

(1) "Emerging Systemic Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis"
Ferrucci, Tavecchio, Marzano et al
Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) (2023)
(2) "Correction: IL-31 plays dual roles in lung inflammation in an OVA-induced murine asthma model"
Huang, Yue, Jiang et al
Biol Open (2023) 12 (4)
(3) "Cytokine transcriptome profiling in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions after IL-31 inhibition with lokivetmab"
Tamamoto-Mochizuki, Crawford, Eder et al
Vet Dermatol (2023)
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