Recombinant Human Gremlin / GREM1 Protein, His tag, 100µg

Background
Gremlin is also known as Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1 (CKTSF1B1), DAN domain family member 2 (DAND2), Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein (DRM), Increased in high glucose protein 2 (IHG-2), Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein (PIG2) or Gremlin-1 (GREM1), which is highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Gremlin / GREM-1 interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation-dependent manner. Gremlin may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Gremlin down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner and acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis.

Source
Recombinant Human Gremlin / GREM1, His Tag (GR1-H52H3) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Lys 25 - Asp 184 (Accession # NP_037504).
Predicted N-terminus: Lys 25

Molecular Characterization
This protein carries a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus.
The protein has a calculated MW of 20.2 kDa. The protein migrates as 28-35 kDa on a SDS-PAGE gel under reducing (R) condition due to glycosylation.

Endotoxin
Less than 1.0 EU per µg by the LAL method.

Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in 10 mM Sodium Citrate, 1 mM EDTA, pH3.0 . Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.

Reconstitution
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.

Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
-20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
-70^°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
 
Bioactivity
Please refer to product data sheet.

Clinical and Translational Updates

(1) "Intrinsic BMP inhibitor Gremlin regulates alveolar epithelial type II cell proliferation and differentiation"
Yanagihara, Zhou, Tsubouchi et al
Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2023) 656, 53-62
(2) "Regulation of Cervical Cancer Development by a Novel Circ_0000212/miR-1236-3p/GREM1 ceRNA Crosstalk"
Zhang, Liu, Wen et al
Mol Biotechnol (2023)
(3) "The autocrine glycosylated-GREM1 interacts with TGFB1 to suppress TGFβ/BMP/SMAD-mediated EMT partially by inhibiting MYL9 transactivation in urinary carcinoma"
Chan, Pan, Hsieh et al
Cell Oncol (Dordr) (2023)
Showing 1-3 of 537 papers.