Recombinant Biotinylated Human PD-1 / PDCD1 Protein, Mouse IgG2a Fc,Avitag™ (MALS verified),25µg

Background
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is also known as CD279 and PDCD1, is a type I membrane protein and is a member of the extended CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators. PDCD1 is expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells and a subset of thymocytes. PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are members of the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, including PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN-γ. PD-L2 expression is more restricted and is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines. PD1 inhibits the T-cell proliferation and production of related cytokines including IL-1, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ by suppressing the activation and transduction of PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coligation of PD1 inhibits BCR-mediating signal by dephosphorylating key signal transducer. In vitro, treatment of anti-CD3 stimulated T cells with PD-L1-Ig results in reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 that boost the immune system are being developed for the treatment of cancer.

Source
Recombinant Biotinylated Human PD-1, Mouse IgG2a Fc,Avitag (PD1-H82A4) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Leu 25 - Gln 167 (Accession # Q15116-1).
Predicted N-terminus: Leu 25

Molecular Characterization
This protein carries a mouse IgG1 Fc tag at the C-terminus.
The protein has a calculated MW of 44.5 kDa. The protein migrates as 60-70 kDa under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.

Biotinylierung
Biotinylierung of this product is performed using Avitag™ technology. Briefly, the single lysine residue in the Avitag is enzymatically labeled with biotin.

Biotin:Protein Ratio
Passed as determined by the HABA assay / binding ELISA.

Endotoxin
Less than 1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.

Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
>90% as determined by SEC-MALS.

Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4 with trehalose as protectant.

Reconstitution
See Certificate of Analysis for details of reconstitution instruction and specific concentration.

Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
-20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
-70^°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Bioactivity
Please refer to product data sheet.

Clinical and Translational Updates

(1) "Immunomodulatory effects of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma models: Impact on following anti-PD-1 treatments"
Fumarola, La Monica, Bonelli et al
Biochem Pharmacol (2024)
(2) "NSGO-OV-UMB1/ENGOT-OV30: A phase II study of durvalumab in combination with the anti-CD73 monoclonal antibody Oleclumab in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer"
Mirza, Tandaric, Henriksen et al
Gynecol Oncol (2024) 188, 103-110
(3) "IRF4 impedes human CD8 T cell function and promotes cell proliferation and PD-1 expression"
Hirsch, Neyens, Duhamel et al
Cell Rep (2024) 43 (7), 114401
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