Recombinant, human, thymidine kinase 1, active, 50 µg

Background: In mammalian cells, salvage pathway phosphorylation of thymidine is catalyzed by two thymidine kinases (TK), the cell-cycle regulated cytoplasmic TK1 and the constitutively expressed mitochondrial TK2. In cellular metabolism, TK1 and TK2 serve to maintain sufficient dTTP for DNA replication and repair. Cytosolic thymidine kinase TK1 is a well known cell-cycle-regulated enzyme of importance in nucleotide metabolism as well as an activator of antiviral and anticancer drugs such as 3\'-azido-3\'-deoxythymidine (AZT). The TK1s have a tetrameric structure in which each subunit contains an alpha/beta-domain that is similar to ATPase domains of members of the RecA structural family and a domain containing a structural zinc.

Recombinant human thymidine kinase 1 (hTK1), expressed in E. coli and purified using affinity chromatography

Molecular weight: 25 kDa
Purity:     > 90% by SDS PAGE
Specific activity: 0.5-5 µmol/min mg
Form: Liquid. In PBS, 5 mM DTT, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.1% Triton X-100, 10 % glycerol
protein concentration: 1.5 mg/ml

Entrez Gene ID: 7083
UniProtKB:  P04183

Ordering information: shipped on dry ice

Product specific literature references:

Sherley JL, Kelly TJ (1988) "Regulation of human thymidine kinase during the cell cycle" J Biol Chem. 263(17):8350-8

Munch-Petersen B, Cloos L, Tyrsted G, Eriksson S (1991) "Diverging substrate specificity of pure human thymidine kinases 1 and 2 against antiviral dideoxynucleosides" J Biol Chem. 266(14):9032-8

Munch-Petersen B, Tyrsted G, Cloos L (1993) "Reversible ATP-dependent transition between two forms of human cytosolic thymidine kinase with different enzymatic properties"  J Biol Chem. 268(21):15621-5
 
Barba D, Hardin J, Sadelain M, Gage FH (1994) "Development of anti-tumor immunity following thymidine kinase-mediated killing of experimental brain tumors" Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91(10):4348-52

Hengstschlager M, Knofler M, Wawra E et al. (1994) "Different regulation of thymidine kinase during the cell cycle of normal versus DNA tumor virus-transformed cells" J Biol Chem. 269(19):13836-42

Chang ZF, Huang DY, Hsue NC (1994) "Differential phosphorylation of human thymidine kinase in proliferating and M phase-arrested human cells" J Biol Chem. 269(33):21249-54

Munch-Petersen B, Cloos L, Jensen HK, Tyrsted G (1995) "Human thymidine kinase 1. Regulation in normal and malignant cells" Adv Enzyme Regul. 35:69-89

Munch-Petersen B, Tyrsted G, Eger K et al. (1995) "Different affinity of the two forms of human cytosolic thymidine kinase towards pyrimidine analogs" Biochim Biophys Acta. 1250(2):158-62

Wild K, Bohner T, Folkers G, Schulz GE (1997) "The structures of thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus type 1 in complex with substrates and a substrate analogue" Protein Sci. 6(10):2097-106

Chang ZF, Huang DY, Chi LM (1998) "Serine 13 is the site of mitotic phosphorylation of human thymidine kinase" J Biol Chem. 273(20):12095-100

Berenstein D, Christensen JF, Munch-Petersen Bet al. (2000) "Valine, not methionine, is amino acid 106 in human cytosolic thymidine kinase (TK1). Impact on oligomerization, stability, and kinetic properties"  J Biol Chem. 275(41):32187-92

Welin M, Kosinska U, Eklund H et al. (2004) "Structures of thymidine kinase 1 of human and mycoplasmic origin" Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101(52):17970-5